Herpes zoster
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pothelli Herpes zoster ar y gwddf a'r ysgwydd
References
Mae'r eryr, a achosir gan adweithio'r firws varicella zoster sy'n gyfrifol am frech yr ieir, yn effeithio ar tua 1 miliwn o bobl bob blwyddyn yn yr Unol Daleithiau, gyda risg oes o 30%. Mae'r rhai sydd â systemau imiwnedd gwan yn sylweddol fwy tueddol o ddatblygu'r eryr, gyda symptomau fel arfer yn dechrau gyda anhwylder, cur pen, a thwymyn ysgafn, ac yna teimladau croen anarferol ychydig ddyddiau cyn ymddangosiad brech. Mae'r frech hon, sy'n ymddangos fel arfer mewn rhan benodol o'r corff, yn symud o bothelli clir i friwiau crych dros gyfnod o wythnos i ddeg diwrnod. Mae triniaeth brydlon gyda meddyginiaethau gwrthfeirysol (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) o fewn 72 awr i ddechrau'r frech yn hanfodol. Mae niwralgia postherpetic, cymhlethdod cyffredin a nodweddir gan boen hirfaith yn yr ardal yr effeithir arni, yn effeithio ar tua un o bob pump o gleifion ac mae angen ei reoli'n barhaus â meddyginiaethau fel gabapentin, pregabalin, neu gyffuriau gwrth-iselder penodol, ynghyd ag asiantau argroenol fel lidocaine neu capsaicin. Argymhellir brechu rhag y firws varicella zoster ar gyfer oedolion 50 oed a hŷn er mwyn lleihau'r risg o'r eryr.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Mae Herpes zoster yn tueddu i ddigwydd yn amlach mewn pobl 50 oed a hŷn, y rhai â systemau imiwnedd gwan, a'r rhai sy'n cymryd meddyginiaethau gwrthimiwnedd. Mae'n cael ei sbarduno gan adweithio'r firws varicella-zoster, yr un firws sy'n achosi brech yr ieir. Mae symptomau fel twymyn, poen a chosi yn aml yn rhagflaenu ymddangosiad y frech nodweddiadol. Y cymhlethdod mwyaf cyffredin yw niwralgia ôl-herpetig, sef poen nerf parhaus ar ôl i'r frech glirio. Mae'r ffactorau risg a'r cymhlethdodau sy'n gysylltiedig â herpes zoster yn amrywio yn dibynnu ar oedran, iechyd imiwnedd, ac amseriad cychwyn triniaeth. Dangoswyd bod brechu ar gyfer unigolion 60 oed a hŷn yn lleihau'n sylweddol yr achosion o herpes zoster a niwralgia ôl-herpetig. Gall dechrau meddyginiaethau gwrthfeirysol a lleddfu poen o fewn 72 awr i ddechrau'r frech leihau difrifoldeb a chymhlethdodau herpes zoster a niwralgia ôl-herpetig.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Mae'r treialon clinigol cyn eu cymeradwyo yn nodi bod y brechlyn zoster byw yn gweithio tua 50 i 70%, tra bod y brechlyn ailgyfunol yn perfformio'n well, yn amrywio o 90 i 97%. Mewn astudiaethau byd go iawn, maent yn cefnogi canfyddiadau'r treialon, gan ddangos bod y brechlyn byw tua 46% yn effeithiol, tra bod yr un ailgyfunol tua 85%.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
Mae brech yr ieir, a elwir hefyd yn varicella, yn deillio o'r haint cychwynnol gyda'r firws, sy'n digwydd fel arfer yn ystod plentyndod neu lencyndod. Unwaith y bydd brech yr ieir wedi gwella, gall y firws aros yn anactif (cwsg) mewn celloedd nerfol dynol am flynyddoedd neu ddegawdau, ac ar ôl hynny gall ailysgogi. canlyniadau herpes zoster pan fydd y firws varicella cwsg yn cael ei ailysgogi. Yna mae'r firws yn teithio ar hyd cyrff nerfol i derfynau nerfau yn y croen, gan gynhyrchu pothelli. Yn ystod achos o herpes zoster , gall dod i gysylltiad â’r firws varicella a geir mewn pothelli herpes zoster achosi brech yr ieir mewn rhywun nad yw wedi cael brech yr ieir eto.
Mae'r ffactorau risg ar gyfer adweithio'r firws cwsg yn cynnwys henaint, gweithrediad imiwnedd gwael, a chael brech yr ieir cyn 18 mis oed. Nid yw firws varicella zoster yr un peth â firws herpes simplex, er bod y ddau yn perthyn i'r un teulu o firysau herpes.
mae brechlynnau herpes zoster yn lleihau'r risg o herpes zoster 50% i 90%. Mae hefyd yn lleihau cyfraddau niwralgia postherpetig, ac, os bydd herpes zoster yn digwydd, ei ddifrifoldeb. Os bydd herpes zoster yn datblygu, gall meddyginiaethau gwrthfeirysol fel aciclovir leihau difrifoldeb a hyd y clefyd os cânt eu cychwyn o fewn 72 awr i ymddangosiad y frech.
○ Triniaeth
Os yw'r briwiau'n lledaenu'n gyflym, ewch i weld eich meddyg cyn gynted â phosibl i gael triniaeth gwrthfeirysol.
Mae angen cyffuriau gwrthfeirysol a meddyginiaethau niwralgia. Dylech orffwys a rhoi'r gorau i yfed alcohol.
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